From e-Business Support to Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

From e-Business Support to Strategy - Essay Example In fact, there has been banter on channels that are qualified for consideration in the class of social networking.Hansen, Shneiderman, and Smith (2011) give definition that takes off weight of details and alludes web based life as set of online instruments that empower availability for social connection. Notwithstanding the availability, interpersonal interaction likewise benefits clients in discovering, making, sharing and assessing mass data open online in an assortment of structures. Developing significance and predominance of socialization through web based life, associations have additionally received this mechanism for remaining associated with their whole client base essentially. The new range has furnished organizations with approaches to pull in the likely clients alongside reinforcing bond with existing organization clients. Martinka (2012) alludes to Mead’s hypothesis of emblematic interactionism which talks about the effect on purchaser buy choice from web-based so cial networking (Facebook). One of the predominant components that lead to this change is the way that internet based life empowers two way correspondence that impressively recognizes it from customary advertising mix.This two way association benefits client to pass the prerequisite and perspectives direct to organization while organizations are likewise ready to get immediate knowledge about customer’ likings and loathing; observation and so forth. Removing understanding from informal communication and purchaser reaction design, organizations can likewise plan to coordinate shopper buys wanted way. (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin, 2012). (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin, 2012) Some different elements recognizing it from conventional medium that prompts increment in receiving are: Connectivity of nearly the whole world (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin, 2012) Prompt reaction from the organization, just as clients (Hanlon, and Hawkins, 2008) More immediate understanding than different types of exploration and so forth (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin, 2012) Large number person to person communication sites are operational. Driving ones including Facebook (more than 845 million dynamic month to month clients in 2012 (Sebastian, 2012), Twitter (more than 465 million records in 2012 and development (Larson, 2012)), LinkedIn has 147 million individuals with development of 45% when contrasted with year 2012, Google in addition to which has 400 million client in one year (BGR, 2012) and YouTube (expected to take up 90% of the web traffic by year 2014 (Nalts, 2012)) being the main channel of video content (eBiz MBA, 2012). Reviews additionally check the developing number of organizations utilizing these channels and systems administration mediums and are planned to expand their quality t misuse more prominent advantage (Stelzner, 2012). With acknowledgment of the web based life just as the way that it is changing purchaser conduct, organizations are still in learning stage to deliberately embrace this medium. Additionally, understandings

Auditing process Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Inspecting process - Case Study Example This sort of hazard is known as commitment chance. The probabilities of various misfortune or harms that can be caused because of this sort of hazard can be a money related misfortune, loss of notoriety, and at last prompting the ruin of the review ranch. Commitment dangers can additionally be partitioned into three kinds of dangers, specifically 1) Client’s business dangers, 2) Auditor’s business hazard and 3) Audit chance. In the refered to instance of Aerospace Lighting Inc. (ALI) there are a few review issues identified with commitment dangers. Each one of those review issues engaged with ALI and its effect on the budget summaries and the review procedure have been examined here. ALI is a Chicago based organization which is engaged with the matter of giving lodge lighting framework to its customers in airplane business. There has been a change in ALI’s business technique and its outer reviewers. This examination involves about the diverse business dangers rel ated with ALI and the comparing review issues. Customer Business Risks Business hazard can be characterized as the likelihood that a given organization will make less benefit than what has been envisioned or there is a likelihood that the organization will make a misfortune rather than benefit. A few elements impact business dangers, similar to cost of sources of info, volume of deals, cost per unit, government approaches et cetera. The legitimacy of things in budget reports of an organization can be assessed by an inspector dependent on specific elements. They are: information on business dangers related with the business exercises followed by the customer, structure of the association, inner and outer condition of the business concern and the connections between them (Bell et al. 1). Business hazard strategy of review process incorporates a portion of the accompanying key focuses: 1) Developing a comprehension about the procedure of hazard the board in the association. 2) Developi ng a comprehension about the dangers associated with the matter of the association. 3) The dangers which are recognized give a thought regarding its normal effect on the fiscal reports. 4) Assessment of the control framework about how much proficiently it oversees hazard (Rittenberg 121-123). In ALI’s case, different elements which affect client’s business dangers can be partitioned into three headings, to be specific administration, substance and industry. A survey of the past auditor’s report and perspectives on the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) are accessible and can be utilized as acceptable review proof. CAS 620 identifies with the choice of an examiner to utilize crafted by an auditor’s master. CAS 500 gives the important prerequisites and direction to examiners with respect to review proof. Advisor counsel is likewise a decent alternative for this situation which is clarified in CAS 220 (Financial Reporting and Assurance Standards Canada 1-8). Henc eforth, with respect to client’s business dangers, following confirmations can be considered similar to the business dangers engaged with ALI: 1) Management: Firstly, in regards to the executives of ALI, its uprightness is the key. Certain proof that ALI isn't faithful to its parent German organization named BmG can be gathered from the case. ALI’s the executives is just worried about the money related execution of the organization. While accomplishing its monetary objective, ALI requires a methodology including fast development of the organization. ALI isn't worried much about announcing BmG in regards to the methods embraced by them to accomplish its objective. Here falsehoods the business chance in the piece of ALI’s the executives. There is a high likelihood that ALI can reestablish to uncalled for

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Think Kellogg, Think Entrepreneurship

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Think Kellogg, Think Entrepreneurship Let us play a quick game of word associationâ€"we will start. “Kellogg.” Ok, go ahead. “Entrepreneurship,” right? No? Aspiring MBAs may be surprised to learn that Northwestern Universitys Kellogg School of Management offers nearly dozens of courses in this discipline and that its Entrepreneurship and Innovation major has been among its most popular areas of studyâ€"defying the stereotype that Kellogg produces  only  marketing MBAs. As part of Envision Kellogg, the school’s strategic plan, the MBA program introduced four new impact initiatives in 2012, one of which is the Kellogg Innovation Entrepreneurship Initiative (KIEI). Overseen by the Larry and Carol Levy Institute for Entrepreneurial Practice, the KIEI offers numerous opportunities for students to develop their entrepreneurial acumen. In bolstering the school’s offerings in this area, the Levy Institute’s faculty has grown from 28 in 2012â€"2013 to the current total of 31 professors. In addition to business plan competitions, the Levy Institute manages the Kellogg Entrepreneurial Interns hip Program and the Entrepreneur-In-Residence program, an experiential learning option through which, for a day, an experienced entrepreneur hosts half-hour sessions with students who aspire to careers in this field or are seeking advice on their already active projects. The Levy Institute also offers the Private Equity Internship Program, wherein rising second-year students intern with small businesses or private equity firmsâ€"receiving a stipendâ€"to facilitate career transitions that would otherwise be challenging for those without experience. In addition,  the Kellogg Entrepreneurship Internship Program offers a stipend to first-year students for a ten-week summer internship with a host company. MBA student entrepreneurs coming from or planning to enter a family business will likely be interested to learn that Kellogg’s Center for Family Enterprises not only publishes research and cases on such businesses but also confidentially consults with family-run companies. Indeed, this is all just the tip of the iceberg… Go beyond the stereotypes. For in-depth information on Kellogg and other leading business school programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Northwestern University (Kellogg) Blog Archive Friday Factoid Think Kellogg, Think Entrepreneurship Let us play a quick game of word associationâ€"we will start. “Kellogg.” Ok, go ahead. “Entrepreneurship.” Right? No? Aspiring MBAs may be surprised to learn that Kellogg offers nearly 50 courses in this discipline and that roughly 16% of each student class typically completes an Entrepreneurship and Innovation majorâ€"defying the stereotype that Kellogg produces only marketing MBAs. As part of Envision Kellogg, the school’s strategic plan, the MBA program introduced four new impact initiatives in 2012, one of which is the Kellogg Innovation and Entrepreneurship Initiative (KIEI). Overseen by the Larry and Carol Levy Institute for Entrepreneurial Practice, the KIEI offers numerous opportunities for students to develop their entrepreneurial acumen. In bolstering the school’s offerings in this area, three new full-time hires were added to the Levy Center’s faculty in 2012â€"2013, bringing the total to 28  professors. In addition to business plan competitions, the Levy Center manages the Kellogg Entrepreneurial Internship Program and the Entreprene ur in Residence program, an experiential learning option through which, for a day, an experienced entrepreneur hosts half-hour sessions with students who aspire to careers in this field or are seeking advice on their already active projects. The Heizer Center for Private Equity and Venture Capital also offers the Private Equity Internship Program, wherein rising second-year students intern with small businesses or private equity firmsâ€"receiving a $1,000 weekly stipendâ€"to facilitate career transitions that would otherwise be challenging for those without experience. A new offering, introduced in 2013 as part of the KIEI, is the Kellogg Entrepreneurial Internship Program, which offers a $6,000 stipend to first-year students for a ten-week summer internship with a host company. Kellogg also has an Entrepreneur in Residence program, wherein an experienced entrepreneur hosts half-hour sessions with students who aspire to careers in this field or are seeking advice on their already active projects. MBA student entrepreneurs coming from or planning to enter a family business will likely be interested to learn that Kellogg’s Center for Family Businesses not only publishes research and cases on such businesses, but also confidentially consults to family-run companies. Indeed, this is all just the tip of the iceberg… Go beyond the stereotypes. For in-depth information on Kellogg and other leading business school programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Northwestern University (Kellogg) Blog Archive Friday Factoid Think Kellogg, Think Entrepreneurship Let us play a quick game of word associationâ€"we will start. “Kellogg.” Ok, go ahead. “Entrepreneurship,” right? No? Aspiring MBAs may be surprised to learn that Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management offers nearly dozens of courses in this discipline and that its Entrepreneurship and Innovation major has been among its most popular areas of studyâ€"defying the stereotype that Kellogg produces  only  marketing MBAs. As part of Envision Kellogg, the school’s strategic plan, the MBA program introduced four new impact initiatives in 2012, one of which is the Kellogg Innovation Entrepreneurship Initiative (KIEI). Overseen by the Larry and Carol Levy Institute for Entrepreneurial Practice, the KIEI offers numerous opportunities for students to develop their entrepreneurial acumen. The Levy Institute’s faculty currently features a total of 26 professors. In addition to business plan competitions, the Levy Institute manages the Kellogg Entrepreneurial Internship Program and the Entrepreneur-In-Residence program, an experiential learning option through which, for a day, an experienced entrepreneur hosts half-hour sessions with students who aspire to careers in this field or are seeking advice on their already active projects. The school’s Heizer Center for Private Equity and Venture Capital offers the Private Equity Internship Program, wherein rising second-year students intern with small businesses or private equity firmsâ€"receiving a stipendâ€"to facilitate career transitions that would otherwise be challenging for those without experience. In addition,  the Kellogg Entrepreneurship Internship Program offers a stipend to first-year students for a ten-week summer internship with a host company. MBA student entrepreneurs coming from or planning to enter a family business will likely be interested to learn that Kellogg’s Center for Family Enterprises not only publishes research and cases on such businesses, but also confidentially consults with family-run companies. Indeed, this is all just the tip of the iceberg… Go beyond the stereotypes. For in-depth information on Kellogg and other leading business school programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Northwestern University (Kellogg) Blog Archive Friday Factoid Think Kellogg, Think Entrepreneurship Let us play a quick game of word associationâ€"we will start. “Kellogg.” Ok, go ahead. “Entrepreneurship.” Right? No? Aspiring MBAs may be surprised to learn that Kellogg offers nearly dozens of courses in this discipline and that its Entrepreneurship and Innovation major has been among its most popular areas of studyâ€"defying the stereotype that Kellogg produces  only  marketing MBAs. As part of Envision Kellogg, the school’s strategic plan, the MBA program introduced four new impact initiatives in 2012, one of which is the Kellogg Innovation and Entrepreneurship Initiative (KIEI). Overseen by the Larry and Carol Levy Institute for Entrepreneurial Practice, the KIEI offers numerous opportunities for students to develop their entrepreneurial acumen. In bolstering the school’s offerings in this area, the Levy Institute’s faculty has grown from 28 in 2012â€"2013 to the current total of 37 professors. In addition to business plan competitions, the Levy Institute manages the Kellogg Entrepreneurial Internship Program and the Entrepreneur-In-Residen ce program, an experiential learning option through which, for a day, an experienced entrepreneur hosts half-hour sessions with students who aspire to careers in this field or are seeking advice on their already active projects. The Heizer Center for Private Equity and Venture Capital also offers the Private Equity Internship Program, wherein rising second-year students intern with small businesses or private equity firmsâ€"receiving a stipendâ€"to facilitate career transitions that would otherwise be challenging for those without experience. A fairly new offering, introduced in 2013 as part of the KIEI, is the Kellogg Entrepreneurship Internship Program, which offers a stipend to first-year students for a ten-week summer internship with a host company. MBA student entrepreneurs coming from or planning to enter a family business will likely be interested to learn that Kellogg’s Center for Family Enterprises not only publishes research and cases on such businesses, but also confidentially consults with family-run companies. Indeed, this is all just the tip of the iceberg… Go beyond the stereotypes. For in-depth information on Kellogg and other leading business school programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Northwestern University (Kellogg) Blog Archive Friday Factoid Think Kellogg, Think Entrepreneurship Let us play a quick game of word associationâ€"we will start. “Kellogg.” Ok, go ahead. “Entrepreneurship.” Right? No? Aspiring MBAs may be surprised to learn that Kellogg offers nearly 50 courses in this discipline and that roughly 16% of each student class typically completes an Entrepreneurship and Innovation majorâ€"defying the stereotype that Kellogg produces only marketing MBAs. As part of Envision Kellogg, the school’s strategic plan, the MBA program introduced four new impact initiatives in 2012, one of which is the Kellogg Innovation and Entrepreneurship Initiative (KIEI). Overseen by the Larry and Carol Levy Institute for Entrepreneurial Practice, the KIEI offers numerous opportunities for students to develop their entrepreneurial acumen. In bolstering the school’s offerings in this area, three new full-time hires were added to the Levy Center’s faculty in 2012â€"2013, bringing the total to 30 professors. In addition to business plan competitions, the Levy Center manages the Kellogg Entrepreneurial Internship Program and the Entrepreneu r in Residence program, an experiential learning option through which, for a day, an experienced entrepreneur hosts half-hour sessions with students who aspire to careers in this field or are seeking advice on their already active projects. The Heizer Center for Private Equity and Venture Capital also offers the Private Equity Internship Program, wherein rising second-year students intern with small businesses or private equity firmsâ€"receiving a $1,000 weekly stipendâ€"to facilitate career transitions that would otherwise be challenging for those without experience. A new offering, introduced in 2013 as part of the KIEI, is the Kellogg Entrepreneurial Internship Program, which offers a $6,000 stipend to first-year students for a ten-week summer internship with a host company. Kellogg also has an Entrepreneur in Residence program, wherein an experienced entrepreneur hosts half-hour sessions with students who aspire to careers in this field or are seeking advice on their already active projects. MBA student entrepreneurs coming from or planning to enter a family business will likely be interested to learn that Kellogg’s Center for Family Businesses not only publishes research and cases on such businesses, but also confidentially consults to family-run companies. Indeed, this is all just the tip of the iceberg… Go beyond the stereotypes. For in-depth information on Kellogg and other leading business school programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Northwestern University (Kellogg)

What should rape really mean Essay - 2107 Words

Running Head: What should rape really mean? article review Submitted by What should rape really mean? Ms. Magazine. Issue SP 11, p. 26. Abstract The following is a review of the article If a woman isn’t bruised and bleeding, will her rape be counted?, which was written by Stephanie Hallett. The article includes information concerning rape cases in America and how law enforcement has used an outdated definition to exclude many cases from formally being reported to the Uniform Crime Report of the FBI. Hallett presents many discrepancies that are apart of each rape case and how they have been used to oppress rape victims. Societal flaws are passed the blame of disintegrating respect for women and minorities†¦show more content†¦The article If a woman isn’t bruised and bleeding, will her rape be counted? is an article that was written by Stephanie Hallett and it is about how law enforcement has defined rape and how they allow â€Å"serial rapists- who commit 90 to 95 percent of all rapes- to walk free.† ( Hallett 2011). Most of the information given by Hallett reveals how the UCR has underes timated many of the estimations concerning rape cases due to this altered definition. Since before the Great Depression, the UCR, or the Uniform Crime Report of the Federal Bureau of Investigations, has implemented an inadequate definition of rape, which is â€Å"The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will† (Hallett 2011 p 27). According to Hallett, even though this definition includes the most well known kinds of rapes, it fails to include many people who are often victims of rape (Hallett 2011 p 27). The awful truth, told by author, Stephanie Hallett, is that many rapes are committed with objects, orally, and through sodomy. In other words, there are several ways to commit invading and nonconsensual sexual acts upon another person. These different ways include inserting foreign object, or objects other than genitalia, inserting genitalia into the victims’ mouth, or inserting either into the victims’ rectum. Though theses descriptions are gruesomeShow MoreRelatedRape Culture : It Is Believable Or Not1537 Words   |  7 PagesBrown Mrs.Gallos English 3 24 April 17 Rape Culture Whether it is believable or not, rape culture exists in our everyday life, our society, our schools, our colleges, in our country, and anywhere on Earth. It is a problem that has always been around, but it just was not given a name. 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First before we get into the many sides of abortion we must to know what is abortion. Abortion means ending a pregnancy before the fetus can live independently outside the world. If abortion happens unplanned before 24 weeks of pregnancy. It is called a miscarriage. Abortion is caused design to order to end the pregnancy (Brown, 2013). This can be completeRead MoreEssay Gun Control Does Not Reduce Crime1217 Words   |  5 Pagescorrelation I could find between gun laws and deaths in the US. Just like with political parties and deficit spending I didnt really have any expectations, but would probably guess that there wasnt much correlation. Before I go any further Ill pretend like it is necessary to give a brief background on my stance on guns in general. Ive never owned a gun, and dont really have any strong desire to own one. On the other hand I was in the Marines for 4 years and certainly am not uncomfortable aroundRead MoreThe Rape Of Sexual Violence1642 Words   |  7 Pagessay no, but really mean yes,† â€Å"If she had sex with me before, she has consented to have sex with me again,† â€Å"It’s not a rape if it happens after drinking or taking drugs†: these quotes about rape are few to the numerous myths that circulate society today. 1 out of every 6 American women has been sexually assaulted, yet this statistic is only from victims who come forward (Victims of Sexual Violence: Statistics†). The problem in America today is the â€Å"Rape Culture† in which we live. A Rape Culture isRead MoreRape And Sexual Assault And Rape955 Words   |  4 PagesRapes and sexual assaults have become issues more and more in our society. Society has become more aware of these types of crimes. For a long time, there was only rape, now it is less broad than just that. Individuals, government bodies and school have all decided to work together and individually on lessening the crime. Studies have revealed many shocking statistics that have pushed society to act against these crimes. Below, I will be explaining what exactly is rape and sexual assault, how theyRead MorePersuasive Essay On Rape962 Words   |  4 Pagesdown, manipulate you, and you give in because it is your husband the man you â€Å"love† with all of your life at least that is what you promised at the altar. You want to believe him when he says he loves you after invading your body without your consent, but that is not love, that is rape. Marital rape is an oc curring problem all over the world and is not punished like normal rape. 10%-14% of women in only the US are raped by their husbands. Many people like Donald Trump’s lawyer, Michael Cohen believe

Requisitos de la carta de solicitud de asilo en EE.UU.

La carta de declaracià ³n personal del solicitante de asilo afirmativo ante el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) o del asilo defensivo en corte es una parte fundamental de la solicitud, ya que contribuye a demostrar que merece que se le reconozca en Estados Unidos la condicià ³n de asilado. En este artà ­culo se explica en quà © momento debe enviarse dicha carta y quà © elementos debe contener en su redaccià ³n.  ¿Cuà ¡ndo debe enviarse la carta de  declaracià ³n personal en la peticià ³n de asilo? Esta carta forma parte del paquete con el que se solicita al USCIS o a la corte que reconozca una situacià ³n de asilo. En otras palabras, es uno de los documentos que se envà ­an junto con la planilla I-589 y que inicia el proceso. Dicha planilla debe acompaà ±arse por una serie de documentos de apoyo, entre ellos, la  declaracià ³n personal del solicitante de asilo en forma de carta. Requisitos de la carta de declaracià ³n personal para solicitar  asilo en EE.UU. Esta carta se escribe habitualmente en una o varias pà ¡ginas, las cuales se adjuntan a la planilla I-589  porque el espacio en esta no suele ser suficiente. Es fundamental que la carta resulte creà ­ble al oficial del USCIS o al juez de corte migratoria y para ello es necesario que la declaracià ³n que contiene sea consistente con todo lo que previamente se ha dicho o posteriormente se alegue. No debe haber discrepancias grandes, porque darà ­a pie a pensar que se està ¡ mintiendo y, por lo tanto, se negarà ­a la peticià ³n de asilo. Entre otros elementos, la carta de declaracià ³n debe contener una explicacià ³n de por quà © el solicitante de asilo ha dejado su paà ­s y por quà © tiene miedo de regresar.   Ademà ¡s, debe incluir la redaccià ³n de incidentes sufridos por razà ³n de religià ³n, raza, nacionalidad, opinià ³n polà ­tica o pertenencia a un grupo social,  incluyendo todos los detalles que se recuerden. No es necesario especificar fechas exactas, pero sà ­, al menos, una cronologà ­a aproximada. Tambià ©n debe incluirse una descripcià ³n de situaciones de persecucià ³n sufridas por el mismo motivo por familiares o amigos. Finalmente, si el solicitante de asilo sospecha que su peticià ³n puede ser negada porque el gobierno puede creer que le aplica alguna de las prohibiciones legales para obtener dicho beneficio, deberà ¡ incluir en esta carta una explicacià ³n de las razones por las que dicha prohibicià ³n no le aplica. Por ejemplo, es relativamente comà ºn que el gobierno niegue el asilo alegando que el solicitante se ha establecido previamente de manera fija en un tercer paà ­s. Si eso no es asà ­, deberà ¡ aclararse este punto. Documentacià ³n de apoyo Una vez que se tiene la carta escrita debe buscarse otra documentacià ³n que sirva para corroborar razonablemente las condiciones que se describen sobre el paà ­s del que se huye y los hechos especà ­ficos que se alegan que le  han sucedido a la persona que pide el asilo.   Para ello pueden utilizarse recortes de perià ³dicos, declaraciones juradas de expertos y testigos, rà ©cords mà ©dicos o psicolà ³gicos, fotografà ­as que demuestren golpes, diarios personales, documentos oficiales como rà ©cords de detenciones, cualquier documento  con amenazas, carnets de pertenencia a un determinado partido polà ­tico,  declaraciones personales del solicitante de asilo en forma de carta, etc. En realidad, se puede presentar cualquier prueba que sirva para demostrar lo que se afirma en la carta de declaracià ³n personal, pero siempre tiene que ser pertinente y relevante.   Tener en cuenta que el gobierno de Estados Unidos es muy consciente de que determinados documentos del paà ­s de origen del solicitante de asilo no es posible obtenerlos. En estos casos es suficiente explicar que se ha intentado pero no ha sido posible. Lo que nunca debe hacerse es presentar documentacià ³n falsa. Idioma de la carta de declaracià ³n y documentos adicionales El solicitante de asilo puede escribir la carta de declaracià ³n en el idioma en que mejor pueda explicarse. La carta y todos los documentos que se adjunta en apoyo de la misma deben estar traducidos al inglà ©s, si es que està ¡n redactados en otro idioma.   Para ello, no es necesario pagar los servicios de un traductor jurado, siendo suficiente que traduzca toda la documentacià ³n una persona con conocimientos fluidos de espaà ±ol e inglà ©s y que certifique la traduccià ³n adecuadamente. Ademà ¡s, es recomendable no adjuntar ningà ºn documento oficial, como por ejemplo un carnet de identificacià ³n, una carta emitida por otro gobierno, etc. y sà ­ enviar en su lugar una copia legible del mismo. El dà ­a de la entrevista con el oficial del USCIS o de presentacià ³n en Corte migratoria se deben llevar esos documentos originales para que se puedan cotejar con las copias que previamente se enviaron. Si se envà ­an los originales lo que probablemente suceda es que nunca podrà ¡n recuperarse, de ahà ­ que se envà ­an solo fotocopias. La importancia vital de contar con un abogado migratorio para casos de asilo En los à ºltimos aà ±os ha habido un fuerte incremento de peticiones de asilo en Estados Unidos por parte de ciudadanos de Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mà ©xico y Venezuela, pero  la mayorà ­a de dichas peticiones son negadas, particularmente las que se intentan defender sin abogado. Por ejemplo, en el caso de asilo afirmativo, solo un 1,5% de los casos de mujeres y nià ±os centroamericanos que se presentan sin abogado a la entrevista de miedo creà ­ble logran aprobarla. Por otro lado, los abogados migratorios està ¡n teniendo à ©xito presentando los casos en cortes receptivas. Por ejemplo, mientras que en Georgia se niegan un 90% de los casos, en Nueva York se aprueban el 75%.   Asimismo, los letrados està ¡n siendo exitosos a la hora de convencer a un buen nà ºmero de jueces de que las amenazas y los daà ±os perpetrados contra mujeres y nià ±os por pandilleros encajan en los casos de persecucià ³n por pertenecer a un grupo social y, por lo tanto, ameritan la consideracià ³n de asilo. La presencia de un abogado en un caso de asilo es altamente recomendable desde el comienzo, contando con su asesoramiento en la redaccià ³n de la carta de declaracià ³n de peticià ³n de asilo ya que esta determina la razà ³n por la que se hace la solicitud y posteriormente no se puede cambiar su esencia ni contradecir su esencia. Si no se puede pagar a un abogado, se recomienda contactar con alguna organizacià ³n de apoyo legal a inmigrantes con buena reputacià ³n en la defensa de este tipo de casos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Labor Rights and Reform - 994 Words

The Depression Era was a period of major strife brought about by speculation and largely unregulated business practices. Almost everyone in the United States was affected, even many citizens of other countries around the world, but the working poor were disproportionately affected. Factory workers and farmers alike experienced a mass anti-union sentiment since before the turn of the century, and were subject to extremely hazardous working conditions, low wages, and in the case of farmers, many accumulated mass debt to decreasing prices of produce. While the great depression led to the unnecessary suffering of working poor, it also led to many great successes by the work of the labor movement, which went on to benefit future generations and†¦show more content†¦Roosevelt (F.D.R.) also contributed a vast amount of success to the labor movement. While F.D.R did care about the well-being of the nation’s workers, he cared about increasing his constituency and limiting the competition of a third or fourth part. To do this, F.D.R. sought to gain the support of the Socialist, Communist, Union and various other small leftist parties by including leaders of these parties part in his administration (Lipset 283). F.D.R. also forged close relations with â€Å"radical† politicians like Governor Frank B. Olson of Minnesota that increased his support for labor legislation like the National Labor Relations Act of 1934, which F.D.R. initially opposed (Lipset 283). Due to the fact that citizens were increasing demanding government’s help with growing unemployment crisis, Roosevelt contributed his greatest addition to Labor’s success, which was the â€Å"New Deal†. Under this legislation, workers were guaranteed old-age pensions in the form of Social Security, unemployment insurance, and a new minimum wage (Lipset 293). 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The Logical Form of Data

Question: Describe the decision process for determining the logical form of data collection and how data are stored once the data are collected, Assess the purpose of information storage systems. Create a taxonomy based on a concept (e.g., decision-making) describing the benefits of various types of databases (e.g., spatial, object-relational, extended relational, bio-diversity [taxonomic], multimedia), optical storages, and data warehouses (e.g., web-enabled, data marts) and the purpose of the data stored. Conclude how organizational leaders might deploy your model to make effective business decisions. Answer: Data Collection and Data Storage Data collection and management is a strategic approach to gathering the data and information from the relevant source and storing those data in an appropriate and useful manner. The collection of data begins after a research problem is defined. This defined an ongoing systematic collection; analysis and interpretation of data are for future use (Freeman, 2010). Data collected in a systematic manner and then stored in appropriate manner helps in searching of data in future. That means if any information needed in future then one can directly refer to the collected data for quick search, this helps in saving a lot of time of persons, and they can easily focus on their other job. There are two types of data Primary and Secondary data. Data collected for the first time is Primary data, and data collected by someone or already passed is secondary data. Tough for collecting these data there is need for take correct decision such as decision of collecting the data from the correct and appro priate source, data collected is relevant or not, unnecessarily collection of a lot of data, attention to policy and procedure of gathering data etc. This decision-making process for the collection of data is very important (Rudolph, 2014). There a various method employed for collection of data. Some of them are mentioned below: Direct Observations After the collection of data the second concern is storage of data. Data collection is not only to how and what is collected but also how to store data.After collecting the data those data, must be stored securely but also made easily available for analysis. Basic data processing principles should followed for management of data. Original raw data should be stored in the databases. Data collection systems should be integrated to the data management systems. An adequate personnel and financial resources are needed to maintain, make regular archives protect the data. To ensure the confidentiality and integrity access must need to be controlled. Earlier to store the collected data traditional methods were used but today is the time of electronic data storage (Kew, 2010). This storage format is easily adaptable to evolving computers. Some other considerations for storing the data electronically such as: Low cost Fast access to data Capability to archive the data A backup system In above discussion data collection and storing the collected data is discussed in details that clarify the types, method of data collection, and the importance of storing the data securely. Information Storage Systems Computes are highly efficient for storing the managing the data. Computers have the capability to collate the vast amount of data and information. With the widespread use of databases, spreadsheets, emails, transfer of data electronically have increased the speed as well as the volume of storing the data. These techniques also help in turning the individuals bits of data into useful information for others. Information storage media also can be hardware that is used to accumulate the huge amount of data physically. These storage devices come mainly in three forms: optic, solid state and magnetic. Floppy disks, tapes and hard drives are the form of magnetic storage systems (McCool and St. Amant, 2009). Optical devices came in forms of flat circular discs and made of very strong plastic. Solid state storage systems are mainly available in three forms SSD (solid- state-drives), SSC (solid- state- cards) and SSM (solid- state- modules). These devices are used for the storage of large amou nt data for a long period sometimes forever. The software devices are economical and easy to carry anywhere along with us. Maintenance of these devices is also easy. The use of e-mails, spreadsheets, databases are also easy to access and manage from anywhere. Taxonomy Describing the Benefits of Databases A strategic potential of the Information System is now well recognized. The five decision-making processesnamely, planned, provincial, incremental, fluid, and politicalseem quite distinct, in terms of the activities involved and the influences encountered, as well as the conditions under which they are used. A database is created to accumulate information there are several advantages of databases systems such as enhanced data sharing, improved data security, better data integration, data inconsistency is less, improved data access, Improved decision making, increased end- user productivity, etc. Decision making is better because of improved access to data and better management of data (Larson, 1982). It is a comprehensive data to promote the timeliness, accuracy and validity of data providing a framework to facilitate data quality initiatives. An object- relational Database system is database extends the relational database management systems. In this databases attributes of tuples to have complex types including the non- atomic values. In the schemas of the object, classes and inheritance are supported directly in schemas of database and query language. Relational foundations are preserved in this database model. Spatial Database Management System allows spatial data types in the model as well as in query language. Spatial indexing is important and mandatory (Sunil, Seetha and Vinotha, 2012). This type of database also supports connected objects from different classes are also supported by this type of database through some spatial relationships. Extended Relational Database Systems: Extended relational databases are widely used for designing of database tools. E-R model of database designing is used for storage and processing. It is usually converted into the relational model (DATABASE Editorial Board 2009, 2009). This model describes the relation between two entities more broadly. This model is extended form of relational database. Bio- Diversity Database model is created to accumulate the information related to biological taxa. Taxonomic database systems are the automated construction of biological checklists. These databases are used to keep the track of biological information. This information stored in the taxonomic database can be accessed and used by any medical representatives or students, researchers or by anyone for the research purpose or to analyze the information and results provided (Wilde, 2010). Multimedia Database is the storage of multimedia data such as text, audio, video, images, animations, graphics, etc. This database is the combination of different media. With the rapid increase in digital information today the multimedia databases are used. This database is different from the traditional database management systems. Multimedia database is composed of complex data. Optical Storage is the electronic medium for storing the data. In optical storage, the data can be stored by using the low power laser beams. Digital data are encoded in the form of optical data with the help of laser beams. It provides a huge storage capacity. With the development of WORM, optical disks are now erasable but earlier it was not available. Data Warehouses are in support of decision- making process, non- volatile, time invariant, and subject oriented relational database designed for query and analysis. It does not support the transaction processing. Use of Database for making Effective Business Decisions A direct and positive impact has been made by the Database Management System (IT) on decision- making.Firms have found applications of Database Management System for their enterprise decision making necessities. To get a fruitful use of resources is expected from any IT system (McDougall, 2014). There are various examples which show the contribution of Database Management System in enhancing Decision- making in the corporate field (Birkinshaw and Jenkins, 2010). A direct and positive impact has been made by the Database Management System on decision making.Firms have found applications of database management system for their enterprise decision- making necessities. To get a fruitful use of resources is expected from any Database Management System (DATABASE Editorial Board 2009, 2009). Some points are mentioned below which help in improving decision- making for leaders in business: Enhanced data sharing Improved data security Better data integration Data inconsistency is less Improved data access Improved decision making Increased end- user productivity References: Birkinshaw, J., Jenkins, H. (2010). MAKING BETTER RISK MANAGEMENT DECISIONS.Business Strategy Review,21(4), 41-45. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8616.2010.00704.x DATABASE Editorial Board 2009. (2009).Database,2009(0), bap023-bap023. doi:10.1093/database/bap023 Freeman, R. (2010). Transplant Data Collection: You Get What You Pay for.American Journal Of Transplantation,10(7), 1503-1504. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03144.x Kew, S. (2010). Text messaging: an innovative method of data collection in medical research.BMC Research Notes,3(1), 342. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-3-342 Larson, J. (1982).Database management system anatomy. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books. McCool, M., St. Amant, K. (2009). Field dependence and classification: Implications for global information systems.J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci.,60(6), 1258-1266. doi:10.1002/asi.21050 McDougall, A. (2014). Making the right business decisions.BDJ Team,1, 14077. doi:10.1038/bdjteam.2014.77 Rudolph, T. (2014). Big Data Chancen und Gefahren.Mark Rev St. Gallen,31(1), 1-1. doi:10.1365/s11621-014-0313-7 Sunil, C., Seetha, J., Vinotha, S. (2012). Security Implications of Distributed Database Management System Models.International Journal Of Soft Computing And Software Engineering [JSCSE],2(11), 20-28. doi:10.7321/jscse.v2.n11.3 Wilde, M. (2010). Local Journal Utilization Report: Supporting Data for Collection Decisions.Collection Management,35(2), 102-107. doi:10.1080/01462671003615058

Abstractions in PowerWriting essays

Abstractions in PowerWriting essays There are many abstractions in the Declaration of Independence. These abstractions such as: rights, freedom, liberty and happiness have become the foundations of American society and have helped to shape the "American Identity." Power, another abstraction that reoccurs in all the major parts of the Declaration of Independence plays an equally important role in shaping "America identity." One forgets the abstraction of power, because it appears in relation to other institutions: the legislature, the King, the earth, and the military. The abstraction of power sets the tone of the Declaration, and shapes the colonists conception of government and society. Power in the Declaration of Independence flows from distinct bodies within society such as the King, the legislature, the military, The Oxford English Dictionary defines power as, "the ability to do or effect something or anything, or to act upon a person or thing" (OED 2536). Throughout the ages according to the dictionary the word power has connoted similar meanings. In 1470 the word power meant to have strength and the ability to do something, "With all thair strang *poweir" (OED 2536) Nearly three hundred years later in 1785 the word power carried the same meaning of control, strength, and force, "power to produce an effect, supposes power not to produce it; otherwise it is not power but necessity" (OED 2536). This definition explains how the power government or social institutions rests in their ability to command people, rocks, colonies to do something they otherwise would not do. To make the people pay taxes. To make the rocks form into a fence. To make the colonists honor the King. The colonialists adopt this interpretation of power. They see power as a cruel force that has wedded them to a King who has "a history of ...

5 Cases of Premature Reference

5 Cases of Premature Reference 5 Cases of Premature Reference 5 Cases of Premature Reference By Mark Nichol Writers occasionally fall into the trap of inserting too much information between a verb and its object, or introducing a pronoun before the noun it refers to has appeared in effect, alluding to the point of the sentence before specifying it. This syntactical structure isn’t wrong, but it can be annoying. Take care to use the following constructions in moderation, if at all. 1. â€Å"I have decided and I thank you all for your input about the subject that the policy will go into effect immediately.† Interjecting a long parenthetical digression between a verb and the predicate is the least irritating variety of premature reference at least the writer made it to the verb before veering off but it might be better to express the basic statement and then tack on the additional information: â€Å"I have decided that the policy will go into effect immediately. I thank you all for your input about the subject.† (Or start with the parenthetical and continue with the basic statement: â€Å"I thank you all for your input about the policy. I have decided that it will go into effect immediately.†) 2. â€Å"The question is of whether and, if so, to what extent the phenomenon has an impact on climate.† This sentence also interrupts the basic statement with an additional dimension that, in this case, itself is subjected to an interjection. Again, the parenthesis might better follow the fundamental element: â€Å"The question is of whether the phenomenon has an impact on climate, and, if so, the extent of that impact.† 3. â€Å"Whether you appreciate them or not, the devices serve a practical purpose.† When you name something and then refer to it by a pronoun, it’s best to do so in that order: â€Å"Whether you appreciate the devices or not, they serve a practical purpose.† 4. â€Å"These earthquakes, as do most, occurred on faults near boundaries between two tectonic plates.† This type of interruption is also distracting, and it can be solved in the same way as the first two examples: â€Å"These earthquakes occurred on faults near boundaries between two tectonic plates, as do most temblors.† Alternatively, even a slight simplification in wording reduces the distraction: â€Å"These earthquakes, like most, occurred on faults near boundaries between two tectonic plates.† 5. â€Å"The senator, as have many others, brought up the contradiction between the two laws.† The â€Å"as have† interjection can be moved just like the â€Å"as do† parenthesis above: â€Å"The senator brought up the contradiction between the two laws, as have many of his colleagues.† Or, as before, the substitution of like for â€Å"as have† improves the sentence somewhat: â€Å"The senator, like many others, brought up the contradiction between the two laws.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesHomonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsParticular vs. Specific

Same-Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Same-Sex Marriage - Essay Example There is no logical or scientific basis for a constitutional amendment to forever constrain the definition of marriage by preempting state power in the area. As a preliminary matter, there exists some persuasive evidence in support of alleged biological causes of sexual orientation, some less persuasive evidence for various environmental or psychosocial causes of sexual orientation, and some unsubstantiated data suggesting the existence of a" gay gene" designated the Xq28 area of the X chromosome for males. That the evidence is not precise does not negate the fact that, as noted by Crooks & Baur, sexual orientation runs more frequently in certain families, that prenatal hormone levels affect certain features of fetal masculinazation and feminization, and that sexual orientation is often formed prior to school. It would be more accurate to suggest that we only understand sexual orientation partially rather than to state that we understand it perfectly as a voluntary choice. The former qualification is supported by the empirical data whereas the latter absolutism is simply false. In the final analysis, the data is at best speculative; none theless, public policy makers, including George W. Bush, ought to assess such divergent findings holistically in order to find out which conclusion is more probable. Public figures must acknowledge in this context that people are, to some extant, born with a certain sexual orientation; that these sexual orientations may differ in degree or change throughout the life span does not diminish the significance of the underlying predispositions. It is more probable than not that predispositions exist, that sexual orientation is not a question of pure choice, and that public policy should treat people as they are rather than how some people wish or imagine them to be. If this were not enough, the public policy debate is also complicated by the fact that public opinion also varies among and between people with different sexual orientations. As noted most prominently in separate studies conducted by Kinsey and the National Health and Social Life Survey, categorizing an individual's sexual orientation precisely is nearly impossible (Crooks & Baur, 2005). Sexual exclusivity, for both males and females, is comparatively rare; furthermore, even a bisexual orientation is characterized more by degrees than by a firm commitment to the orientation. The evidence simply does not establish any firm basis for treating homosexuals or bisexuals as a distinct type of people; absent such a legitimate or verifiable distinction, there is no overwhelming logical basis for classifying people as exclusively homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual. Arguments, therefore, which deny the need for same-sex marriages by pointing out that only a small percentage of the populatio n will be affected are oversimplifying the truer demographic realities. When one accounts for the four different types of bisexuality, in addition to narrower notions of exclusive homosexuality, the number of people affected or excluded from the marital institution increases substantially. The fact is that somewhere

Explain (with examples) the extent to which SSM was supportive of a Essay

Explain (with examples) the extent to which SSM was supportive of a group approach - Essay Example Today, SSM has become a useful tool in any situation (or problem) involving human activity. Take for instance this trivial situation of two friends watching TV and arguing if the programs were good or bad. Using the SSM model, there will be no point arguing because both are right. Friend A may like it because of the pact action sequences and Friend B may not like it because the plot is too predictable. Whichever it is, SSM model argues that the standard for a good TV programs is inherent in both and one value judgment is not necessarily superior or more right than the other. If these ideas were explicit, the two friends may still argue on some points but their ideas would cease being unsubstantiated opinion and become defensible. Wilson (2001) points that defensibility should be the main criterion in an argument since ‘what is right’ in most cases, is likely unachievable. Such concept is important to complex situations in any social organization that capitalizes on defen sible arguments. This report will then put primary focus on SSM supporting group approach by discussing how SSM rallies group dynamics. Checkland introduced the steps to be followed methodically in SSM. The first step being the identification of the unstructured problem – is best accomplished as a group. For example, when the A.REthinking group was tasked to identify an ill-structured problem, it became easier to consolidate and develop ideas because feedbacks, whether positive or negative, help process and systematize insights. The more diverse the members’ backgrounds are the more enriching the discussion will be. Wilson discussed that the â€Å"people-components† can attribute meaning to their situation and define their own purpose for the organization. Checkland’s collaborators even suggested that the real potential of SSM is best exemplified in its early stages since it is the period when members of the organization achieve

Joining the Leader in Death Phenomenon Essay Example for Free

Joining the Leader in Death Phenomenon Essay 1. Introduction History is replete with incidences of group or mass self inflicted deaths following the demise of powerful leaders. In such instances followers, in varying numbers, chose to die, of their own will, either after or on foreseeing the death of their leader. While group or mass deaths of this nature have occurred at historically different times in dissimilar cultures and globally diverse locations, and have been appropriately recorded in historical documents, the evolution of anthropological studies in the last century has led to significant research into the subject. Researchers have delved into the traditions, social customs, mores, behavioral motivators and demotivators of people of different civilizations and regions to locate commonality and establish reasons for this kind of uncommon, if not deviant behavior. These studies have become increasingly relevant in the current social and religious scenario where instances of mass suicides have occurred in cults, involving hundreds of members, who, along with their leaders, have chosen to die painful and self inflicted deaths for illogical, inexplicable and emotional reasons. The Jonestown suicides of 1978 and the deaths of the members of the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God in 2000 were particularly tragic and gruesome episodes, in which hundreds of people along with their leaders, died. It is evident that such irrational tendencies still exist, even in advanced western societies. Anthropologists and historians firmly believe that serious and detailed investigation into such incidents, with particular emphasis upon the then prevailing social, environmental, political, economic, and historical conditions, could well provide clues to the reasons behind such uncommon behavior and help in preventing such tragedies in future. (Wessinger, 2000) This paper aims to examine the historical precedents of such incidents and takes up one particular incident for detailed social and anthropological analysis. 2. Historical Overview Psychiatrists commonly think of potentially suicidal people to be unhappy about their current physical and emotional situation and undecided about the path to be followed to resolve the crisis. Suicide is resorted to as a simple and easy solution to their problems and plays the role of a convenient exit. Individual suicides accompanied or preceded by such reasoning is exceedingly common, and though tragic, is, in a number of societies, a routine occurrence among disturbed and underprivileged people. Its incidence, in the developed nations, is still high in certain segments like mentally ill individuals, prisoners, prostitutes, drug addicts and HIV patients. Mass or group suicides following the death or defeat of a leader, while being far more uncommon than individual suicides, have, nevertheless occurred on a number of occasions, more particularly so in specific cultures. While historical instances of groups of people joining their leaders in death, have occurred periodically there is very little to connect these disparate incidents apart from defeat and dishonor in war and, in the case of women, the desire to avoid consequent rape and molestation. During the closing years of the 2nd century BCE, the Teutons, after a series of bloody battles were defeated by the Roman General Gaius Marius, (in 102 BCE), near Aix-en-Provence, and their leader Teutobod captured. The captured women, thinking their king dead and certain of being ravaged by Roman soldiers committed suicide. Ironically the Teutons were the cause of a similar episode in 1336 at the siege of Pilena. The defenders, besieged by the marauding Teutons, joined their leader, Duke Marqueris in death when they realized that the battle was lost. The defenders set the castle on fire and committed mass suicide along with their leader rather than be captured by the invaders. (Purkiss, 1996) In India, both men and women of the warrior classes of the Indian region of Rajasthan have traditionally adopted to commit suicide after the death of their leader. Women, especially, the wives and concubines of the king have, until recent times followed the ancient tradition of immolating themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands. The custom, known as Sati, while illegal, is still followed in particularly backward areas of the region. Chittor, now an abandoned fortress in West India became famous because of three separate incidents in which hundreds of men and women killed themselves after the death of their leader. Chittor has been overcome thrice and each time the outcome was Jauhar, when women along with their children immolated themselves on huge funeral pyres on the death or capture of their leader, while the men, wearing ochre robes attacked the enemy and faced certain death. Alauddin Khilji overpowered Chittor in 1303 A. D. , overcome by an obsessive longing to own the regal beauty, queen Padmini. Myth has it, that he saw her face in the reflection of a mirror and was struck by her gripping exquisiteness. The queen, along with her attendants, however chose to follow her dead king rather than accept the invaders proposition jumped on to a huge funeral pyre lit in the middle of the castle and burned to death. In 1533 A. D. , during the rule of Bikramjeet, Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, attacked Chittor and once more Karnavati, the then queen, along with more than a hundred women preferred to die following the death of the ruler. The final episode occurred more than 30 years later when the Mughal emperor Akbar attacked the fortress. In Rajasthan such incidences of joining the leader in death had certain particular features. Episodes necessarily commenced with the siege of a force by an invading army and ended in mass death only if the invading army was successful. Once it was certain that the war was lost and the king was dead or would certainly die the warriors and their wives decided to end their lives, the men through suicidal attacks on the enemy and the women by leaping into enormous funeral pyres. The women were led in this effort by the queen of the fortress. It is important to understand that this practice was restricted only to the warrior classes and did not extend to the priests, the traders, the farmers or the other classes. Tales of invading armies entering deserted and lifeless stories are apocryphal and baseless as warriors and their families did not account for more than a quarter of the total population of a city. It also needs to be pointed out that acts like these had very little mythical precedent and ancient Hindu scriptures, like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, do not contain any such incidents. Incidentally the opposite appears to be more true and there are various instances in the Ramayana of the wife of the King choosing to marry the invader after the defeat and death of her husband. (Harlan, 2003) This paper attempts to recreate the social and cultural scenario within the fort when Queen Padmini and hundreds of other men and women chose to die after the death of the King Rawal Ratan and the fall of Chittor. The following section on Chittor is written in the present tense and from the perspective of an active observer of the complete episode. 3. Chittor a. Society Chittor, today, (in the early fourteenth century), is one of the many Hindu kingdoms that dot the desert plains of Rajasthan in the North West region of the Indian subcontinent. Orthodox Hinduism, over the first ten centuries of period that commenced after the birth of Jesus Christ, has succeeded in eliminating Buddhism from the land of its birth only to see it replaced by an aggressive Islam beating at its doors with unabated fury. Waves of Islamic soldiers have lashed at the borders of the Indian states for the last five hundred years until the establishment of Islamic rule at Delhi. Despite Islamic sovereignty a number of small Hindu kingdoms continue to exist, mostly in the west and south, often waging protracted battles with the rulers of Delhi. While a certain amount of integration between Hindus and Muslims has taken place with time, it is still too early for any such constructive rapprochement to occur in Chittor. Years of siege, first from an ever expanding Buddhism, and then from a militant Islam, has made structured Hindu society insular, orthodox and inward looking. The caste system has become rigid and religious laws and rules govern every aspect of society. Hindus are prohibited from marrying outside their castes and even the glimpse of a Muslim is considered sacrilege, requiring inflexible and strict penance. The Muslim practice of†purdah† has been adopted comprehensively by the Hindus, ironically to protect Hindu women from male Muslim eyes and women remain indoors most of the time. While every city has its share of courtesans, women do not work. They are deprived of economic or political power, being content to be glorified as mothers, sisters and wives. Society is structured into four main castes, the priests, warriors, traders and lower classes. Political and military power lies with the warriors and to a certain extent with the priesthood who are consulted by the kings and nobles before important decisions. The traders, despite their lower status, are economically powerful and kept in good humor by both the nobles and the priests. The warriors are bound by a strict code of honor, which in fact has been the main causal factor behind hundreds of members of the warrior community choosing to die after defeat in battle and the death of their leader. b. Politics and Religion Chittor, in the early years of the fourteenth century is one of the smaller Hindu kingdoms resisting the Islamic emperors occupying the throne at Delhi. The warrior classes of Chittor trace their lineage for centuries and, apart from being engaged in ongoing strife with the Delhi throne, constantly wag war against the other Hindu kings in the region. It is also not uncommon for Hindu kings to form alliances with the Muslim emperor and wage war against each other. The political scenario is extremely fluid, (much like medieval Europe), and with numerous kings and noble existing in uneasy alliances, war often breaks out over trivial reasons. While the official religion of the Delhi court is Islam, and correspondence is usually in Arabic, migration of traders, artisans and workers ensure that Hindus and Muslims coexist, albeit with a certain amount of resentment and antagonism. Sati, the practice of self immolation by women on the death of their husbands, is a common practice in Hindu states. The practice is prevalent more among the priestly and martial classes and is practically absent in the other castes and the aboriginals. The prevalence of Sati among the priests and warriors is due to the traditionally inferior status of women and their uselessness to society in the absence of child bearing potential. As such while wives are looked upon as necessary because of their capacity to bear children, widows are thought to be non contributing burdens. (Harlan, 2003) A widows unwanted status is also because of religious taboos that prevent her from participating in domestic chores as her touch, her voice, and even her appearance is thought unholy, impure and to be shunned and abhorred. The sanctification of virginity in brides also makes it practically impossible for them to remarry after the death of their husbands. As such the practice of immolation is an extreme but logical outcome of these circumstances. The priests and the warrior classes of Rajasthan have also perpetrated the tradition by providing it with a halo of honor and deifying women who chose to take this route. The episode that occurred in Chittor before my eyes in the early years of this century (the 1300s) and involved hundreds of men and women joining their leader in death needs to be analyzed in light of the existing social and political environment in order to obtain an appropriate perspective. c. Joining the Leader in Death The ruler of Chittor, Rana Rawal Ratan married the young Padmini, the daughter of a Rajasthani prince, when he was in his early teens, and she was yet to enter her adolescence. In accordance with existing tradition the bride continued to live in her paternal home until she reached puberty and Rawal Ratan brought her to Chittor with much fanfare on her fourteenth birthday. Padmini was an acknowledged beauty and became a much appreciated princess as she grew up, known in princely circles for her exquisite looks, aristocratic breeding and regal demeanor. When Rawal Ratan succeeded to the throne of Chittor in the closing years of the thirteenth century she took her place by his side in an extravagant ceremony attended by princes from all over India as well as nobles from the Delhi throne. It was this ceremony that led to further speculation and gossip about Queen Padmini and aroused the curiosity of Sultan Alauddin Khilji at Delhi. Rawal Ratan was known to be a fair and just king and, apart from his well known love for Padmini, was a patron of the arts. One of his court musicians, banished from Chittor because of his involvement in witchcraft, ingratiated himself with Alauddin Khilji, and persuading the Sultan of the ethereal beauty of the queen Padmini incited him to attack Chittor and take the queen for himself. On reaching Chittor, Alauddin found the fort to be heavily defended. Desperate to see the legendary queen he sent a missive to the King that he thought of Padmini as his sister and wished to make her acquaintance. While the unsuspecting king did not find any reason to doubt Alauddin’s intentions, the wiser queen refused to meet the sultan personally and instead agreed for him to see her reflection in a specially constructed mirror. The wily sultan came to the fort with his selected warriors, and after the meeting with the queen, managed to kidnap the king even as he was escorting them back to the gate. On the following day when the Chittor generals heard about the ransom demand, that of the hand of the queen for the sultan, in exchange for the safe release of the king, the Chittor generals went into a huddle, and with the assent of the queen, sent word that the queen would come to the sultan the next day along with a hundred and fifty attendants. At the crack of dawn the next morning a hundred and fifty palanquins, each carried by four strong men wound their way to Alauddin’s camp and stopped in front of the tent where the king was being held prisoner. As the sultan rejoiced a hundred and fifty armed men rushed out of the palanquins before his astonished eyes, freed the king and along with the bearers galloped back to Chittor on horses seized from the sultan’s stables. A furious Alauddin ordered his army to storm Chittor, Brutal resistance from the defenders of the fort led to the decision to lay siege to the fort, an operation that carried on for many months until dangerously low supplies forced the honor bound warriors to take a decision to storm the vastly larger sultan’s armies in what could only lead to certain death. The queen, who was party to all the confabulations, decided that as the army, led by her husband rode out to certain death, she, along with the wives of the warring soldiers and all the children would jump into a huge fire lit in the centre of the fort and end their lives, thus joining the king in death. Rawal Ratan and his warriors, though immensely saddened agreed to this to be the most fitting and honorable denouement. At the end of a brutal and bloody battle fought between the troops of the Delhi Sultanate and the suicidal warriors of Chittor, Alauddin entered the fort only to find the ashes of the queen and the wives of the warriors, a pyrrhic victory, if ever there was one. (Bose, 2000) 4. Conclusion The instance of Padmini, her female attendants and the wives of the warriors of Chittor, joining the leader in death has been chronicled a number of times by various historians for it to be reasonably accurate. While the case of male warriors following the leader into certain death has taken place on many occasions, instances of women dying en masse are rare, and occur because of specific historical and environmental reasons. Anthropologists feel that in most such cases the persona of the leader, his mesmeric hold over his followers, and the accompanying trauma and desolation felt at the death of the leader induce the followers to embrace death and join their leader. A number of instances, including the suicides of some of Hitler’s trusted generals, provide some evidence that the argument could hold some merit. In the case of Padmini while legend and myth continue to pay obeisance to her love for her husband, the mass deaths, especially of the attending ladies, necessarily needs to have a more significant historical and social reason. The decision to embrace mass death at the fall of the fort and the certain death of the king Rawal Ratan is most probably due to a number of reasons, chief among them being the prevalent practice of sati and the halo of honor that the act had acquired over the centuries. This halo of honor has to be seen in the light of the compulsions of Islamic rule in India during the medieval ages and is essentially logical and in accordance with social patterns and expectations. From the 13th century until the establishment of the British Empire, the position of women continued to remain insecure due to the arbitrary power structure associated with the feudal society, and the compulsions of perpetuating a male dominated inherently unequal society. Even though the Mughals tried to bring in a modicum of gender equality the subservient status of women continued to exist until the middle of the twentieth century. It was most probably this craving for honor, accompanied with a genuine fear of the treatment that the women would receive at the hands of the furious invading soldiers that tilted the scales in favor of the decision to embrace death to that of joining Alauddin’s harem. In any case the episode remains one of the more abiding instances of joining the leader in death phenomenon and continues to intrigue historians and anthropologists. Pages: 10 Word Count: 3000 References Bose, M. (Ed. ). (2000). Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India. New York: Oxford University Press. Harlan, L. (2003). The Goddesses Henchmen: Gender in Indian Hero Worship. New York: Oxford University Press. Its All the Raj; Travelindia. (2005, December 14). The Daily Mail (London, England), p. 45. Maaga, M. M. (1998). Hearing the Voices of Jonestown (1st ed. ). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. Metcalf, B. (2005). David Chidester. Salvation and Suicide: Jim Jones, the Peoples Temple, and Jonestown. Utopian Studies, 16(2), 335+. Purkiss, D. (1996). The Witch in History: Early Modern and Twentieth-Century Representations. New York: Routledge. Wessinger, C. (2000). How the Millennium Comes Violently: From Jonestown to Heavens Gate. New York: Seven Bridges Press.

Princess Diana :: essays papers

Princess Diana Throughout her life all eyes were always on Princess Diana. Millions came to identify with her and, when she died, they felt as though they have lost a best friend. More than a year after the sudden end of her privileged but imperfect life, Princess Diana's charity work still motivates many others to donate their own time in hopes to help the lives of others. Through the vigorous fund raising and campaigning, Princess Diana has greatly effected the lives of the patients she has reached out to. The honorable Diana Frances Spencer weighed in at seven pounds, twelve ounces when she was born on July 1, 1961. Her father announced at the time of her birth, she was nothing less than a "perfect physical specimen." She was the third surviving child of her parents. In 1967 her parents, Johnnie and Frances separated, then in 1969 their divorce became final. Johnnie Spencer won custody of their four children(Brennan19). On February 24, 1981, Princess Diana's life changed forever. Her engagement to Prince Charles, the heir to the British throne, was announced. They were married in Saint Paul's Cathedral on July 29, 1981. The ceremony was internationally televised. People all over the world tuned into the beautiful day when Princess Diana was married into one of the most powerful families in the world(Encarta). The young Princess of Wales unofficially came of age when she was twenty- six years old, married for nearly six years, and the mother of two young sons. That moment was a turning point in her life because she decided to become involved with AIDS, a subject shunned by "the great and the good" of British society. Overnight, Princess Diana changed from a young mum who liked to shop or listen to pop songs on her Walkman, to a mature young woman who had created a role for herself(Davies260). The metamorphosis came the day in April 1987 when Diana opened Britain's first purpose-built ward for AIDS sufferers, at London's Middlesex Hospital. Many were shocked at the fact that she didn't wear any protective clothing(Davies260). At that time the average Briton knew very little about AIDS. Some believed it could be caught and passed on by touch, kissing, or even hugging someone who was infected. The revelation that a royal, like Princess Diana, the mother of two young sons, one the heir to the throne, had taken such an enormous risk with a deadly disease shocked many people(Brennan88). Many people wondered, and still to this day wonder if it was

Agriculture and Animal Farming

Agriculture has been the major source of human survival and component of economic development worldwide. Its productivity increases efficiently due to factors including fertilizers utilization, hybrid strains development, and advance farm management practices (Trautmann, Porter, & Wagenet).The most often studied contamination source in agriculture is usually related to organic matters such as animal manure, bedding, feed left-over, and animals’ corpses.As a matter of fact, in United States, a study estimated that agriculture generates around 112 million of dry manure per year that results to the most abundant waste product of the industry, which is about 80, 000 lbs/year of swine-related manure per 1000 animal mass (Gaechter).In these modern days, the water is a great factor in agriculture, animal farming, and irrigation. A study made by USDA and estimated on Agricultural Census that around 11 million of irrigated acres in 1997 were used to raise crops that were used for anima l feed production.Because of this, a large amount of water is lost in relation to irrigation and evaporation due to exposure to atmosphere; and only a fraction is used for purely vegetation production (Gaechter).Some modern practices cause damage to soil and water resources, in environment as a whole. Among its impacts that affect agricultural productivity include soil erosion, excessive surface runoff (resulting to soil under-nutrition), and nutrient-lost in fertilizers due to chemical properties and reactions (Trautmann, Porter, & Wagenet).Due to global warming, the industry also faces water conservation issue due to limited water supply especially in irrigation.Due to some effects of modern agricultural practices to human and environment, it is recommended to utilize people-centered approach in projects of livestock development to reduce poverty, defend environmental sustainability, guarantee food security, and encourage animal welfare.Moreover, the awareness in utilizing chemica l products must be observed to protect the welfare of the environment, animals, and consumers.References:1997 census of agriculture: United States Summary and State Data (AC97-A-51). (1999). Retrieved. from National Agricultural Statistics Service.Gaechter, L. Environmental Implications of Modern Animal Agriculture: Save the Planet with your Fork.  Ã‚   Retrieved May 6, 2007, from http://www.veganoutreach.org/whyvegan/gaechter.htmlTrautmann, N. M., Porter, K. S., & Wagenet, R. J. Modern Agriculture: Its Effects on the Environment.  Ã‚   Retrieved May 6, 2007, from http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/facts-slides-self/facts/mod-ag-grw85.html

Escape from Industrialization in Wells The Time Machine...

Escape from Industrialization in Wells The Time Machine Our society craves an escape from life. When our tedious jobs bog us down, we escape into a hobby. When the responsibilities of school tire us, we escape in a vacation. When world affairs take a frightening turn of events, we escape in a good movie or absorbing book. There are countless distractions available to lighten our heavy minds and ease our anxieties. But it was not always as easy as it is today. What if distractions such as these were available only to a leisured class? What if the average person did not have the means to escape, even in small ways? This was the dilemma in late Victorian England. The people who needed and craved escape the†¦show more content†¦The changes involved with industrialization had lead to an increased struggle between the classes, driving the working class and wealthy class further apart. The wealthy could have afforded many different means of escape, from traveling to the countryside to enjoying the theater. Their lives were relatively painless compared to the difficult lives of the poor. Factory work, made possible and necessary by industrialization, was a huge part of the lives of the working class. The poor did not enjoy the same benefits as the rich, while they did contribute the backbreaking labor necessary to drive industrialization. This relationship between the rich and poor is explored in The Time Machine. Using his knowledge of science and technology, the Time Traveller creates a working time machine. Full of excitement and expectation, the Time Traveller speeds into the future, eventually stopping in the year 802,701 AD. The world he encounters is not the technologically-advanced society he expected to find and he quickly formulates a theory about the strange beings that he meets. Instead of being greeted by a human, the Time Traveller meets a very beautiful and graceful creature, but indescribably frail. His flushed face reminded me of the more beautiful kind of consumptive-that hectic beauty of which we used to hear so much (Wells 19-20). The frailty of this angelic invalid is its most distinguishing feature.Show MoreRelatedIndustrialization Of Industrialization And Industrialization Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization is a starting point for many of the technologies and facto ries around and exists today, despite the negative influences of the industrialization, people gained many benefits from it too. For example, because of the industrialization workers are more efficient producing goods and products, also industrialization helped many people walked out of the countryside which broadens their perspectives. 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